They prefer the canopy of tropical forests for habitat, usually near a body of water. Simulating a rainy season once a year in November to December encourages reproduction.Red-eyed tree frogs ( Agalychnis callidryas ) are small, nocturnal, arboreal amphibians native to most of Central America, excluding most of Mexico. Their captive habitat should have a light cycle with 11–12 hours of daylight and an average day temperature of 26–28 ☌ (79–82 ☏) and night-time averages of is 22–25 ☌ (72–77 ☏). They sometimes breed successfully in captivity if kept in high-humidity vivaria (e.g., by using misting equipment), tropical plants such as Bromelia and other epiphyte plants, together with well-aerated water pools. These treefrogs are known to live up to five years (data from captive-breeding programs), depending on the health and conditions of their habitat (when aided by abundant plant growth, plenty of fresh water, and an abundance of small and larger insects on which to prey). The young mature after two years and begin mating at the age of three to four years. Young frogs prey on very small flies and other insects during the first months of their lives. Young frogs that survive the first few weeks after metamorphosis move into the undergrowth and security of plants near their natal pools, often into the hollows of tubular plants such as bromeliads. The lifespan of red-eyed treefrogs is about five years. After metamorphosis, the color of tadpoles' torsos changes from green to brown, and their eyes, which are initially yellow, turn into deep red without much side patterning. The time of metamorphosis depends on duration of larval stage, which varies depending on environment. The tadpoles remain in the water from three weeks to several months, until they metamorphose into frogs. Dragonflies, fish, and water beetles prey on the tadpoles. Red-eyed treefrog eggs may hatch early (exhibiting phenotypic plasticity) when a change in the environment signals a danger to their survival. Red eyed tree frog embryos use natural day and night light cycles as a signal for when to hatch, and tend to hatch just after nightfall. The eggs develop into tadpoles, which hatch after six to seven days and fall into the water below. They also produce sticky jelly to glue the eggs together this may protect the eggs from splitting and dehydration. Since oviposition generally occurs on both sides of a leaf, red-eyed treefrogs may fold the leaf to hide the eggs from predators. The female chooses a leaf above a pond or large puddle on which to lay her clutch of roughly 40 eggs. There is not sperm priority in Agalychnis callidryas, and so a single clutch of eggs may have been fertilized by multiple males. Because of external egg fertilization, there is still risk of competition even after a female has selected a mate. ![]() ![]() During amplexus, the female carries the male on her back for several hours during the oviposition process. Both the call and color of the male frog show territorial display, and anti-predatory behavior. Females use the call, as well as color (specifically, the stripped sides) of the male frog, in order to find a possible mate. When rainfall is at its highest, a male red-eyed treefrog calls "chack" to get the attention of the female. ![]() This is the first evidence that tree-dwelling vertebrates use vibration to communicate. During the mating season, the male frogs shake the branches where they are sitting to improve their chances of finding a mate by keeping rivals at bay. The sudden appearance of the red eyes may startle the predator, giving the frog a chance to flee.Īlthough random mating in Agalychnis callidryas has been documented, studies have shown that an increased body size is an indicator of male quality while looking for a mate. When a red-eyed treefrog detects an approaching predator, it abruptly opens its eyes and stares at the predator. Their large red eyes not only aid in their ability to see at night, but also serve as a defensive adaptation through deimatic behaviour. They do not have a true eyelid, but rather a nictitating membrane that allows light to enter the eye so that they will awaken when predators are approaching. Thus, they appear almost completely green, and well hidden among the foliage. ![]() In order to hide from predators, they cover their blue sides with their back legs, tuck their bright feet under their bellies, and shut their red eyes. They are nocturnal, sleeping for most of the day. Despite their bright coloring, red-eyed treefrogs are actually not poisonous, and rely on camouflage to protect themselves. Phyllomedusine treefrogs are arboreal, meaning they spend a majority of their lives in trees they are excellent jumpers.
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